Christopher Juckins

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==== CentOS 7 Migration Notes ====

RHEL5/6/7 Cheatsheet: {{:rhel_5_6_7_cheatsheet_201410.pdf|}}

[[https://tuxcare.com/extended-lifecycle-support/|Tuxcare's CentOS 7 Extended Support]]


14 Dec 2023 (for Dell XPS 8930 tower):
  * Updated kernel from kernel-3.10.0-1160.102.1.el7.x86_64 to kernel-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64
  * Attempted to rebooted machine but after the BIOS splash screen, only got a blank screen with blinking cursor in upper-left corner 
  * Restarted machine using the power button but had same condition
  * Restarted once again but at the BIOS splash screen selected F12
  * For boot options, chose Boot from Hard Drive and list of kernels appeared
  * Chose latest kernel and machine was OK
  * After machine was running, did another restart and machine powered up with no issues

23 Oct 2023 (for Dell XPS 8930 tower)
  * Updated kernel from kernel-3.10.0-1160.99.1.el7.x86_64 to kernel-3.10.0-1160.102.1.el7.x86_64 and then machine would not boot, just blank screen with blinking cursor in upper-left corner
  * Powered off machine, unplugged the USB peripheral cables
  * Unplugged power cable for 30 seconds
  * Rebooted and used F12 to go into BIOS Boot Options
  * Tried to boot to Hard Drive but that immediately failed with error 'press any key to reboot'
  * After that, the machine booted up OK and the normal selection of kernels appeared

Other fixes:

  * Disable WiFi LAN connection with ''# nmcli radio wifi off''
  * [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/152691/how-to-disable-beep-sound-in-linux-centos-7-command-line|Disable bell]]

11 Oct 2020:
  * Keep getting errors in python3 script connecting/updating to mariadb server 
      * ''OSError: [Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address''
      * ''pymysql.err.OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' ([Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address)")''
  * Updated /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf with this setting under [mariadb-5.5]

  max_connections = 818 (Note that 818 seems to be the absolute limit)
  back_log = 1024 (Note that OS limit is in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog)
  thread_cache_size = 818
  thread_handling = pool-of-threads
  
Then do: ''systemctl restart mariadb.service''

  * Other commands to check and modify on mariadb server:
      * ''show variables like "max_connections";''
      * ''show global status like "Threads_connected";''
      * ''show status like "Conn%";''
      * ''show status like "Threads%";''
      * ''show global status;''
  * See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/configuring-mariadb-for-optimal-performance/
  * Also check python3 coding best practices for opening/closing database connections
    * I have noted that opening and closing the database connection only once in the python script helps reduce database "cannot assign requested address" errors
  * [[https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/|mysqlclient]] is supposedly [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43102442/whats-the-difference-between-mysqldb-mysqlclient-and-mysql-connector-python|faster than alternatives]]
      * import MySQLdb
      * See examples at https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_database_access.htm

  #!/usr/bin/python
  
  import MySQLdb
  
  # Open database connection
  db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )
  
  # prepare a cursor object using cursor() method
  cursor = db.cursor()
  
  # execute SQL query using execute() method.
  cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
  
  # Fetch a single row using fetchone() method.
  data = cursor.fetchone()
  print "Database version : %s " % data
  
  # disconnect from server
  db.close()


16 May 2020:
  * System randomly reboots when KVM toggles back and forth from Dell XPS 8930 (running CentOS 7 as 'tidewater') and HP Pavilion P7-1240
    * Workaround: Use remmina to RDP to local Windows machine
  * Noticed monitoring emails not being sent from tidewater; postfix not running and won't start. mysql error.
  * yum reinstall <mysql_package> that was failing
  * postfix started
  * Other trouble...had to completely uninstall PHP
  * Reinstall PHP - that is v5.4
  * Then upgrade to REMI php v7.4
  * Look in the bash setup script to install the needed php files
  * Restore /etc/php.ini from a local VM
  * restart httpd service
  * yum update had many instances of 'empty files'....it fixed itself
  * ldconfig gave errors for 2 more things
    * yum reinstall oniguruma5
    * yum reinstall oniguruma
  * reboot system, came up cleanly
  * may need to check if mysql connection limit needs to be increased


13 December 2016:
  * VM machine #1 failed to boot into kernel-3.10.0-514.2.2.el7.x86_64
    * Yum had hung up when updating open-vm-tools and I did a ''CTRL-C'' (bad move)
    * Booting machine into previous kernel had no network connection; rebooting once again got network up
    * RPM database completely hosed; had to erase this VM and restore from backup
  * VM machine #2 was a clone of a test CentOS 7 VM (v7.2.1511) and it got stuck on trying to update ''open-vm-tools-10.0.5-2.el7.x86_64''
    * cancelled by CTRL-C
    * had to install "yum-utils" and run ''yum-complete-transaction''
    * yum then failed because transaction size changed
    * ran ''package-cleanup --dupes''
    * ran ''package-cleanup --problems''
    * ran ''package-cleanup --cleandupes''
    * Still a mess, ran ''yum check'' and too many errors to fix
    * Erased VM
  * VM machine #3 was clone of test CentOS 7 VM (v7.2.1511)
    * tried to remove open-vm-tools - hung up so aborted attempt
  * VM machine #4 test was clone of test CentOS 7 VM (v7.2.1511)
    * ''yum update --exclude=open-vm-tools*''
    * machine updated and booted into new kernel normally
    * ran ''yum -y update''
      * stalled again
      * ''top -d 2'' showed high CPU usage for process "vmware-checkvm"
      * **did ''ps -ef |grep vmware''**
      * **saw this process: ''root      3186  3182 97 17:08 pts/0    00:07:55 /usr/bin/vmware-checkvm''**
      * **issued ''kill 3186'' and the yum update completed**
  * Primary machine updated OK
    * Virtual Box VMs would not start
    * Had to run as root ''/sbin/rcvboxdrv setup''

5 June 2016:
  * Primary system migrated

18 May 2016:
  * Xfce Power Manager icon appeared in task bar
    * Might be a way to configure screen blanking 

5 April 2016:
  * NUX repository needed for rdesktop
    * https://www.certdepot.net/rhel7-install-nux-repository/
    * xfreerdp doesn't always authenticate to Windows 7 hosts

16 February 2016:
  * High CPU usage for vmtoolsd process
    * removed open-vm-tools-desktop
    * rebooted; open-vm-tools still remained but did not use high CPU

Restarting Services: http://www.putorius.net/2014/07/restarting-services-in-red-hat-7-or.html

For migrating a system from a different OS, take note of this info first:
  * Make a test user on CentOS6 and one on CentOS7
    * Compare hidden files to see if anything changed between OSs
  * ensure all scripts make their own log file directory
    * $log_dir = "/var/tmp/check_disk_space";
    * mkdir ("$log_dir", 0755);
    * should crons write to /tmp and then have a daily script that checks cron logs for errors?
  * users
  * <color #ed1c24>MySQL / MariaDB Database and users</color>
    * [[https://www.tecmint.com/transfer-mysql-databases-from-old-to-new-server/|Migrate with rsync]]
    * [[https://www.linode.com/docs/databases/mysql/create-physical-backups-of-your-mariadb-or-mysql-databases/|Migrate with tar]]
    * [[http://www.uptimemadeeasy.com/linux/mysql-migrate-users-server-server/|Migrate MySQL users to new machine]]
      * Don't forget to add semicolons with this:  # sed -i ‘/[^;] *$/s/$/;/’ ./grantfile
      * Note: I used phpMyAdmin to export users from a VM (get the SQL syntax) and then run that on the new machine
  * export MySQL databases with mysqldump
    * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-migrate-a-mysql-database-between-two-servers|Migrate MySQL database to new server]]
    * [[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/copying-databases.html|Move MySQL databases to new server]]
  * list of installed perl modules
    * grep all .pl script and look for the "use " calls
  * list of installed python (pip) modules
  * Copy the following to accessible location for restore after upgrade
    * users' $HOME
    * crons should be in each user's $HOME/crontab
    * various processing log files from /var/tmp/
    * /etc/ssh/*key* or possibly the entire directory contents (this may prevent man-in-the-middle attack messages but testing needed)
    * /etc/hosts
    * /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    * Samba users, passwords, shares (for security cameras)
      * /etc/samba/smb.conf
        * smbpasswd -a <username>
          * <password>
      * /var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tbd
      * /var/lib/samba/private/secrets.tbd
      * Make sure service is running and will start at boot.
      * Check output with: testparm -v
  * <del>nxclient-3.5.0-7.x86_64.rpm</del>
  * <del>nxnode-3.5.0-9.x86_64.rpm</del>
  * <del>nxserver-3.5.0-11.x86_64.rpm</del>
  * <del>skype-4.3.0.37-fedora.i586.rpm</del>
  * verify services that should be installed/running in chkconfig
  * Note firewall rules
    * [[https://serverfault.com/questions/655851/is-there-a-simple-way-to-export-import-firewalld-settings|Export Firewall Rules to new server]]

Note these installed perl RPMs:

''# rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n" | grep -i perl | sort''

<code>
ImageMagick-perl
perl
perl-autodie
perl-Array-Diff
perl-Array-Unique
perl-B-Lint
perl-Business-ISBN
perl-Business-ISBN-Data
perl-Carp
perl-CGI
perl-Class-ISA
perl-common-sense
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib
perl-constant
perl-CPAN
perl-Data-Dumper
perl-DBD-MySQL
perl-DBI
perl-devel
perl-Digest
perl-Digest-MD5
perl-Digest-SHA
perl-Encode
perl-Encode-Locale
perl-Env
perl-Exporter
perl-ExtUtils-Install
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
perl-ExtUtils-Manifest
perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS
perl-FCGI
perl-File-BaseDir
perl-File-CheckTree
perl-File-DesktopEntry
perl-File-Listing
perl-File-MimeInfo
perl-File-Path
perl-File-ReadBackwards
perl-File-Slurp
perl-File-Temp
perl-Filter
perl-Font-AFM
perl-GD
perl-Getopt-Long
perl-HTML-Element-Extended
perl-HTML-Format
perl-HTML-Parser
perl-HTML-TableExtract
perl-HTML-Tagset
perl-HTML-Tree
perl-HTTP-Cookies
perl-HTTP-Daemon
perl-HTTP-Date
perl-HTTP-Message
perl-HTTP-Negotiate
perl-HTTP-Tiny
perl-IO-All
perl-IO-Compress
perl-IO-HTML
perl-IO-Socket-IP
perl-IO-Socket-SSL
perl-IPC-System-Simple
perl-JSON
perl-JSON-XS
perl-libs
perl-libwww-perl
perl-List-Compare
perl-List-MoreUtils
perl-Locale-Codes
perl-Locale-Maketext
perl-local-lib
perl-LWP-MediaTypes
perl-LWP-Protocol-https
perl-macros
perl-Module-Pluggable
perl-Mozilla-CA
perl-Net-Daemon
perl-Net-HTTP
perl-Net-LibIDN
perl-Net-SSLeay
perl-Newt
perl-parent
perl-Parse-Yapp
perl-PathTools
perl-PlRPC
perl-Pod-Checker
perl-Pod-Escapes
perl-Pod-LaTeX
perl-podlators
perl-Pod-Parser
perl-Pod-Perldoc
perl-Pod-Plainer
perl-Pod-Simple
perl-Pod-Usage
perl-Scalar-List-Utils
perl-Socket
perl-Storable
perl-String-CRC32
perl-Sys-Syslog
perl-Test-Harness
perl-Test-Simple
perl-Text-ParseWords
perl-Text-Soundex
perl-Text-Unidecode
perl-Thread-Queue
perl-threads
perl-threads-shared
perl-TimeDate
perl-Time-HiRes
perl-Time-Local
perl-Types-Serialiser
perl-URI
perl-WWW-RobotRules
perl-XML-LibXML
perl-XML-NamespaceSupport
perl-XML-SAX
perl-XML-SAX-Base
</code>

Must-Have functionality:
  * Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl
  * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-protect-ssh-with-fail2ban-on-centos-7|fail2ban]]
    * edit /etc/fail2ban/jail.local to ban for longer than default of 1 hour
    * Check logs: # cat /var/log/fail2ban.log
    * Ensure service is running:
      * ''# systemctl enable fail2ban''
      * ''# systemctl restart fail2ban''
  * [[gmail_as_a_relay_on_linux|Set up Gmail Relay and test]]
  * Disable SELinux
  * VSFTP (for security cameras)
    * [[http://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-and-configure-vsftpd-on-centos-7/|Config instructions]]
    * [[https://www.benscobie.com/fixing-500-oops-vsftpd-refusing-to-run-with-writable-root-inside-chroot/|500 writeable root error]]
    * As root (if selinux is enabled): setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on 
    * As root: systemctl restart vsftpd
    * As root: systemctl enable vsftpd
  * Samba
    * [[samba_file_sharing|Samba File Sharing]]
  * <del>Skype</del>
  * Virtual Box
  * Working crontabs for each user
  * [[python_notes|Install Python 3]]

Optional:
  * [[https://gorilla.dp100.com/downloads/|Password Gorilla]] (use standalone executable)

Contents of /etc/yum.repos.d (CentOS 7):
  * adobe-linux-x86_64.repo
  * CentOS-Base.repo
  * CentOS-CR.repo
  * CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
  * CentOS-fasttrack.repo
  * CentOS-Media.repo
  * CentOS-Sources.repo
  * CentOS-Vault.repo
  * epel.repo
  * epel-testing.repo
  * google-chrome.repo
  * nux-dextop.repo

----

For a continuation of GNOME2 in CentOS7, use "MATE"

  * Best option is to do a "minimal install" and follow [[http://www.45drives.com/wiki/index.php/Installing_MATE_on_CentOS_7|Installing MATE on CentOS 7]]

Other info on MATE:

  * https://www.centos.org/forums/search.php?keywords=gnome \\
  * https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=47271&p=202339&hilit=gnome#p202339 \\
  * http://wiki.centos.org/FAQ/CentOS7 \\
  * https://www.centos.org/forums/
  * https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=47670
  * http://blog.boeiend.be/?p=125

Customize MATE Desktop displays
  * Adjust System > Preferences > Look and Feel > Appearance
  * Under Fonts tab, set all to size 8
  * Click Details, set resolution to 96 dpi, Smoothing Grayscale, Hinting Slight, Subpixel order RGB
  * Firefox has large bullets for password masking.  Theme setting?
  * [[http://juckins.net/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=centos7_desktop.png|Configure Desktop]]
  * Set up gnome-terminal preferences
    * General: Font Monospace 9, No terminal bell
    * Colors: Use colors from system theme
    * Scrolling: unlimited
    * Edit > Keyboard Shortcuts > Reset and Clear > F2
  * Disable Vim auto-indent following [[vim_tips|Vi and Vim Tips]]
  * <del>Adjust System > Preferences > Personal > Startup Applications</del>
    * <del>Disable the SELinux Troubleshooter</del>
    * <del>Add PackageKit Update Applet</del>
      * <del>description: PackageKit Update Applet</del>
      * <del>command: gpk-update-viewer</del>

Change setting on screensaver
  * System > Preferences > Look and Feel > Screensaver

System Monitor (needs mate-system-monitor and mate-applets RPMs):
  * Right-click top panel > Add to Panel
  * In the "Find an item to add to the panel:" search box, enter "System Monitor" and click Add
  * Moving display of current CPU usage should appear

__Fresh VirtualBox Installation Notes 8 Nov 2015 (previous install 30 Sept 2014)__

  * Preferable to use local .iso file to conserve bandwidth for multiple installs 
  * Used http://mirrors.sonic.net/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/ for package repository
  * On initial config screen, ensure the network connection is activated
  * You can also disable SELinux
  * <del>Manually set mount points for /boot, /, swap</del>
  * * <del>Make sure /boot is 1024MB large</del>
  * Let system create mount points automatically
    * After they are suggested, change from LVM to Standard Mount
    * May want to increase the boot and "efi" boot partitions from 500MB to 750MB and 200MB to 500MB
  * Used default "xfs" filesystem
  * For software packages, if you only choose something like Web Server you will not get graphical login
  * Choose a general desktop option, too
  * Boot into machine
  * Note the IP address

Use nmtui-hostname to [[http://www.itzgeek.com/how-tos/linux/centos-how-tos/change-hostname-in-centos-7-rhel-7.html|change the system hostname]]
<code>
# nmcli general hostname
# nmcli general hostname new_server_name
# systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed
</code>

yum -y update, reboot, verify latest kernel is loaded by GRUB

Only keep 1 old kernel

Ensure gcc, make, kernel-devel are installed.

Install Virtual Box Guest Additions
  * Took 10 minutes to install

Reboot

Add 2nd hard drive to /etc/fstab [[adding_a_second_hard_drive|following these notes]]

Prepare to run the local yum installer script
  * Also installs [[https://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories|EPEL repository]]
  * Best to run the script by establishing SSH connection to box from a different machine.
  * Pipe output to log file and tail the log file
  * [[Yum installer bash script (CentOS7)|Copy this source to a .bash and run as root]]

[[perl_install_configure_cpan|CPAN packages]] to install:
  * <color #ed1c24>NOTE</color>: Do not update .bashrc for library locations or else they will go into the wrong path
    * [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/33636231/installed-cpan-modules-in-problematic-location|Wrong location of perl libraries]]
  * Array::Utils
    * //Note, this module is not needed. Was used in ASMAD compare_stops.pl and compare_origin.pl//
    * Start up cpan as root (initial time)
    * Run through the manual configuration process, accept the defaults
    * Start up cpan as root
    * > install CPAN (this updates the CPAN packages)
    * cpan Array::Utils
  * Time::Elapsed (cpan)
    * //Note, this module is not needed. Was used in syncing to CDN.//
    * As root, had to:
    * cd /root/.cpan/build/Time-Elapsed-0.31-N9mZvj/lib/Time
    * cp -rp * /usr/share/perl5/Time
    * Another option is to install modules locally
    * Yet another option is to use modules that are in a repository

<del>[[http://www.if-not-true-then-false.com/2010/install-adobe-flash-player-10-on-fedora-centos-red-hat-rhel/|Ensure Adobe Flash plugin is installed]]</del>

[[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-install-linux-apache-mariadb-php-lamp-stack-on-centos7-rhel7/|Ensure Apache is installed and running]]
  * check /etc/httpd.conf as well as permissions on html/ directory
  * [[http://serverfault.com/questions/357108/what-permissions-should-my-website-files-folders-have-on-a-linux-webserver|Tips for users and permissions #1]]
  * [[http://howtolamp.com/lamp/httpd/2.4/customizing/|Tips for users and permissions #2]]

<del>[[centos_php7.2_upgrade|Upgrade PHP to version 7.2]]</del>

[[https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-php-7-4-on-centos-7/|Upgrade PHP to version 7.4]]

Migrate /etc/php.ini from old server and relax settings due to test env:
<code>
;max_execution_time = 30     
max_execution_time = 3600    
;max_input_time = 60
max_input_time = 3600
;memory_limit = 128M
memory_limit = 1024M
;display_errors = Off
display_errors = On
;post_max_size = 8M
post_max_size = 250M
;upload_max_filesize = 2M
upload_max_filesize = 250M
;date.timezone = 
date.timezone = "America/New_York"
;session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.gc_maxlifetime = 7200
</code>
<code>
# systemctl restart httpd.service
</code>

[[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-install-linux-apache-mariadb-php-lamp-stack-on-centos7-rhel7/|Install and Secure MySQL (mariadb)]]

Database work:
  * Update /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf with this setting under [mariadb-5.5]
    * ''max_connections = 800''
    * ''systemctl restart mariadb.service''
  * Backup /etc/my.cnf
    * Add this line under [mysqld]
      * default-storage-engine=MyISAM
  * Add other database users with phpMyAdmin GUI
    * set username
    * set password
    * select "Grant all privileges on wildcard name (username\_%)."
  * Dump all databases from source server to sql file then import on target server
    * mysqldump -u USER -p'PASS' DATABASE > /tmp/DATABASE.sql
    * Ensure database on target server exists; create if necessary
      * Tables migrated should be MyISAM
      * Default database engine is <color #ed1c24>InnoDB</color> as of MySQL 5.5
      * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-default-se.html|Perform some tests and queries]]
        * The exact number of rows of InnoDB tables cannot be shown
        * Need to monitor /var</fc>/lib/mysql for growing logs
        * <color #ed1c24>CHECK</color>: [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3927690/howto-clean-a-mysql-innodb-storage-engine/4056261#4056261|Manage and Cleanup InnoDB Infrastructure]]
        * [[http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/8982/what-is-the-best-way-to-reduce-the-size-of-ibdata-in-mysql|Similar Post 1]] 
        * [[http://pc-freak.net/blog/fix-mysql-ibdata-file-size-ibdata1-file-growing-large-preventing-ibdata1-eating-disk-space/|Similar Post 2]]
        * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-data-log-reconfiguration.html|dev.mysql info]]
      * Alternatively, set MyISAM to default database engine
      * systemctl start mariadb.service
      * systemctl enable mariadb.service
    * mysql -u USER -p'PASSWORD' (to login to mysql at command line)
      * CREATE DATABASE database_name;
      * Now logout of command line
    * mysql DATABASE_NAME -h localhost -u USER -p'PASS' < /tmp/DATABASE.sql

  * Note CentOS7 comes with PHP 5.4 and latest version of phpMyAdmin that will work is 4.4.x
    * [[centos_php5.6_upgrade|Install PHP 5.6 on CentOS 7]]
  * Run through phpmyadmin install steps listed in [[installing_phpmyadmin_tips]]
    * [[https://www.phpmyadmin.net/|Download and Install phpMyAdmin]]
    * With PHP 5.6, the latest version of phpMyAdmin (4.6.4) is fully supported
  * Copy config from previous machine

Setup ddclient:
  * https://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/
  * yum -y install ddclient
  * In /etc use the ddclient* files for configs from previous machine

Setup duckdns:
  * crontab is <code>~/duckdns/duck.sh >/dev/null 2>&1</code>

Setup ydns:
  * crontab is <code>~/ydns/updater.sh -V -u <snip> -p <snip> -H juckins.ydns.eu >>~/ydns/updater.log 2>&1</code>

Firewall notes:
  * Using firewall-config to close rules from previous machine

rsync /var/www/html/ 
  * test pages for proper display
  * check soft link to phpmy is correct and current

Restore and test crons
  * check that each cron job runs and the specified log directory exists

Backup /etc/selinux/config and change from enforcing to permissive

Restore /etc/hosts from previous machine as needed

Disable virbro0 network connection if needed: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-kvm-disable-virbr0-nat-interface/
<code>
# virsh net-destroy default
# virsh net-undefine default
# service libvirtd restart
# ifconfig 
</code>

Then, edit the network connections and make sure the "Ethernet" tab for the active connection, such as enp0s3, has the "Device" set to that interface.  Reboot to test.

Download sample .png, .gif, .jpg images and test /usr/bin/display for any errors
  * [[http://juckins.net/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sample.gif|GIF image]]
  * [[http://juckins.net/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sample.jpg|JPG image]]
  * [[http://juckins.net/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sample.png|PNG image]]

[[http://www.tecmint.com/install-google-chrome-on-redhat-centos-fedora-linux/|Install Google Chrome]]

[[http://www.if-not-true-then-false.com/2010/install-google-chrome-with-yum-on-fedora-red-hat-rhel/|Install Google Chrome (Alt)]]

Fix Google Chrome fonts:

[[http://www.binarytides.com/gorgeous-looking-fonts-ubuntu-linux/]]
<code>
# yum install google*fonts
</code>
  * open Chrome, go to Settings > Advanced and set fonts as follows:
    * Standard font: Noto Serif
    * Serif font: Noto Serif
    * Sans-serif font: Noto Sans
    * Fixed-width font: Roboto Mono


[[http://www.if-not-true-then-false.com/2014/install-oracle-java-8-on-fedora-centos-rhel/|Install Oracle Java]] (note, this is not the default CentOS, it will not auto-update) 

Adobe Reader - use evince instead

Install NX/NoMachine v3
  * Install 3 RPMs noted above
  * Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and comment out line "AuthorizedKeysFile	.ssh/authorized_keys" because NX uses authorized_keys2
  * /bin/systemctl restart  sshd.service
  * To start up MATE, edit /usr/NX/etc/node.cfg to be:
  * CommandStartGnome "/etc/X11/xinit/Xsession mate-session" (note "xinit" was added to path)
  * To fix keyboard mapping, open terminal and run this command:
    * setxkbmap -model evdev -layout us > /tmp/setxkbmap.log 2>&1
    * [[http://askubuntu.com/questions/123867/keyboard-map-is-incorrect-when-using-an-nx-client|Keyboard Mapping is incorrect with NX Client]]
    * You can make a little bash script and have it run as a startup application
  * Notes gleaned from https://www.nomachine.com/AR07K00676 and http://askubuntu.com/questions/84852/how-does-one-install-nx-server-or-freenx-on-11-10

NX/NoMachine Troubleshooting:
  * Had v3 RPMs installed; removed and installed v4 to test. Failed. Removed v4 RPMs.
  * Upon reinstalling the 3 v3 RPMs, could not authenticate to target server.
  * Removed nxclient, nxnode, nxserver v3 RPMs again.
  * rm -rf /usr/NX completely
  * Reinstalled the 3 v3 RPMs.  Authentication fixed
  * Start/stop server with the following:
    * /usr/NX/bin/nxserver --status
    * /usr/NX/bin/nxserver --stop
    * /usr/NX/bin/nxserver --start

NX for work VPN
  * Removed nxclient-3.5.0-7.x86_64.rpm, nxnode-3.5.0-9.x86_64.rpm, nxserver-3.5.0-11.x86_64.rpm
  * Used http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=opennx to find opennx
  * Installed opennx-0.16-724.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
  * Tried connecting to remote machine as shadow session and it also failed; ensured the remote machine had a normal session established first using the same user

VPN connections
  * <del>NetworkManager-openconnect not available in channels</del> (in epel)
  * <del>Retrieved from rpm.pbone.net ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7Server/x86_64/NetworkManager-openconnect-0.9.8.4-2.el7.nux.x86_64.rpm</del>

<del>Percona toolkit: percona-toolkit-2.2.11-1.noarch.rpm</del>

Restore Thunderbird profile

Restore Firefox profile

Restore VirtualBox and all machines

Test ASMAD for processing end-to-end

<del>Install Skype rpm (skype-4.3.0.37-fedora.i586.rpm) following these steps:
</del>

<code>
yum install alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686 qt.i686 1:qt-x11.i686 libXScrnSaver.i686 libXv.i686
rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-1.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-4.3.0.37-fedora.i586.rpm
</code>

[[https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=47070|Skype Tips]]

SSH issues
  * Cannot ssh to yourself passwordlessly with default /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  * Comment out the following line, like this:
  * #AuthorizedKeysFile	.ssh/authorized_keys  
  * This allows you to NX into the CentOS7 machine
  * Update to openssh seems to require RSA keys now and authorized_keys file instead of DSA keys and authorized_keys2 file
  * Set "PermitRootLogin no"
  * <del>But MATE does not work, tried KDE with yum group install "KDE Plasma Workspaces" and seems to work better but still no icons on the screen</del>
  * <del>But need to configure custom desktop to use /etc/X11/xinit/Xsession mate-session</del>
  * <del>Also tried /usr/bin/startxfce4 but still general odd behavior</del>
  * Additional tips: http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-941530.html
  * systemctl restart sshd.service
  * User accounts at remove machines connecting to the new machine will need their $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts either rebuilt or offending entries removed

Update GRUB and splash screen
  * My saved splash images with varying resolutions are in /root/downloads/splash
  * <color #ed1c24>As of CentOS 7.2 cannot get custom splash image to appear at boot (with UEFI)</color>
  * cd /etc/default
  * cp grub grub.YYYYMMDD
  * vi grub 
    * remove "rhgb quiet" from the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX call
    * add "vga=0x317" to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX call for better screen resolution (try 0x34b for 1920x1200x8 or 0x34c for 1920x1200x16, or vga=ask to see all available resolutions)
    * comment out this line: GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
    * add this line: GRUB_BACKGROUND="/boot/grub2/splash.png"
      * Ensure it is rw-r-r permissions
      * [[http://192.168.1.14/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=splash.png|Upload this image]] to the directory noted above
  * For VM/BIOS-based installs, as root: grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg (Dell XPS 8930)
  * For UEFI-based installs, as root: grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg
  * More info at [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html|Customizing the Grub2 Config File]] and [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Desktop_Migration_and_Administration_Guide/GRUB.html|RHEL7 GRUB Guide]]
  * [[https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=49321|Change GRUB Menu Resolution]]
  * [[https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=50957|Change GRUB2 splash screen in CentOS 7]]
  * [[http://www.tuxfixer.com/set-grub2-custom-splash-screen-on-rhel-7-centos-7-uefi-and-legacy-bios-iso-image/]]
  * [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/desktop_migration_and_administration_guide/grub]]
    * Tried part about making a special font
    * Tried installing all grub2* rpms
    * Tried 640x480 small splash image

<code>
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="video=1024x768"
GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep
</code>

Set default GRUB entry
  * Download [[https://www.systutorials.com/3826/setting-default-entry-in-grub2-and-grub/|grub2-select.bash]]

If GRUB2 no longer finds other OS to boot (such as Windows 10) use [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/|SourceForge Boot Repair Disk]]

Install [[clamav_antivirus|ClamAV]]

Set up local printer(s)
  * Note that Brother has notes for the HL2170W at https://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadlist.aspx?c=us&lang=en&prod=hl2170w_all&os=127
    * RPM #1: brhl2170wlpr-2.0.2-1.i386.rpm
    * RPM #2: cupswrapperHL2170W-2.0.2-1.i386.rpm
    * Use 'lpstat' and 'lpq' to ensure it's a known destination printer
  * [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Print_Settings_Config|RHEL7 Print Settings]]
  * yum install cups
  * service cups start
  * systemctl enable cups
  * Use System > Administration > Print Settings
    * Add printer with Network JetDirect by IP address
    * Default printer driver works OK
  * Or use web browser:
  * # yum install httpd
  * # /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
  * # yum install system-config-firewall
  * # firewall-config (or System > Administration > Firewall)
    * Allow http and https as rules
    * Sometimes the firewall-config command will hang if trying to run via an SSH connection to a remote machine
    * To add a port manually follow [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24729024/centos-7-open-firewall-port]]
    * To close a port manually follow [[http://www.codero.com/knowledge-base/content/10/377/en/how-to-manage-firewall-rules-in-centos-7.html]]
  * # systemctl enable httpd
  * Go to http://localhost:631
    * Go to Administration tab
    * Enter credentials for user root
    * Add printer with prompts

Firewall Notes 

  * Adding an allowed port at the command line (from [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24729024/centos-7-open-firewall-port]]
  * Use this command to find your active zone(s):

<code>
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
</code>

  * It will say either public, dmz, or something else. You should only apply to the zones required.

  * If you want to add a port such as 8080 to your public zone:

<code>
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
</code>

  * Then remember to reload the firewall for changes to take effect.

<code>
firewall-cmd --reload
</code>

Managing runlevel settings

  * Switch to runlevel 5:
<code>
# systemctl isolate graphical.target
</code>

  * Initiate runlevel 5 by default: 

<code>
# systemctl set-default graphical.target
</code>

  * Switch to runlevel 3:
<code>
# systemctl isolate multi-user.target
</code>

  * Initiate runlevel 3 by default: 

<code>
# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
</code>

  * For other run-level info, see [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sect-Managing_Services_with_systemd-Targets.html#sect-Managing_Services_with_systemd-Targets-Change_Default|RHEL7 Working with Systemd Targets]]


----

USB HEADSET:

Plugin to right-side lower USB jack on HP Pavilion P7-1235, type dmesg at root prompt to see if it was found by system

  [37013.137134] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=0a44
  [37013.137145] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
  [37013.137151] usb 8-1: Product: Logitech USB Headset
  [37013.137160] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Logitech
  [37013.399267] input: Logitech Logitech USB Headset as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.1/usb8/8-1/8- 
  1:1.3/input/input85
  [37013.449648] hid-generic 0003:046D:0A44.004B: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.00 Device [Logitech Logitech USB 
  Headset] on usb-0000:00:10.1-1/input3

Right-click the speaker icon in the top panel and choose Sound Preferences.  Or, navigate to System > Preferences > Hardware > Sound \\
Sound effects tab:  Sound theme: No Sounds\\
Hardware tab:  Highlight Headset H390, Profile: Analog Stereo Output + Analog Mono Input \\
Input tab:  choose Headset H390 Analog Mono \\
Output tab:  choose Headset H390 Analog Stereo, Connector is Headphones

Settings are saved to $HOME/.config/pulse

See Linux Mint [[https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=246194|Sound settings keep switching output against my will]] and possibly [[https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=224479|HDMI + Sound + Mint 18]]

----
__OLD Notes and Issues__

If on VirtualBox, go to main menu and choose "Insert Guest Additions CD Image..." and run the following commands:
<code>
mount -o ro /dev/disk/by-label/VBOXADDITIONS* /mnt
cd /mnt
./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run --nox11
shutdown -r now
</code>

Missing Desktop icons: https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=47271

  - Make sure caja is the default file manager in System --> Control Center --> Preferred Applications -->System tab.
  - Add caja to automatically start in System--> Control Center --> Startup Applications.
  - Reboot.

**Tried /usr/bin/display with a .jpg or .png file, but this error results:**

<code>
[juckins@centos7-test-64: /tmp/splash]$ display default.png 
display: color is not known to server `FOREGROUND': 
No such file or directory @ error/xwindow.c/XGetPixelPacket/3064.
</code>

  * This does work on FC20 i686.  libpng may be a different version.  http://forum.porteus.org/viewtopic.php?t=3900&p=28045  
  * Test images in $HOME/Downloads

ImageMagick may be a different version.

UPDATE: Does work after installing Skype and its dependencies below (nux-desktop?)

Comment out the GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT line in /etc/default/grub using a # at the start of the line, and grub should use a graphics mode again

First see if the default kernel is the latest one for boot.  If not, add the following line to /etc/default/grub
<code>GRUB_DEFAULT=0</code>
Also remove the "rhgb quiet" flags.
Get the splash.png from http://juckins.net/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=splash.png and put into /boot/grub2/
<code>GRUB_BACKGROUND="/boot/grub2/splash.png"</code>
Then run: 
<code>grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code>

Notes on grub splash screen:

  * https://ask.fedoraproject.org/en/question/28087/how-do-i-set-the-grub2-background-image/ 
  * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Displays